Dissolution of the Monasteries, Civil War, Thomas Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell and the founding of freemasonry and Zionism?

A 1658 engraving which depicts Oliver Cromwell as the Lord Protector of England, surrounded by the symbols of Freemasonry, in traditional Masonic commemorative and triumphal style.

In 1746, the Abbe Larudan, a critic of Freemasonry, published his Les Franc-Macons Ecrasses [see key extract translated into English below], apparently the child of the author’s imagination, in which he asserted that Cromwell, in 1648, at a dinner attended by Parliamentarians, Presbyterians, and Independents, first indicated his intentions to form such a society.

The development of this scheme was related by the Abbe with particularity and in detail. Cromwell, he tells us, held his confidants in suspense for four days, after which, he consummated the enterprise in dramatic fashion. Conducting his guests into a dark room, he prepared their minds for what was to follow by a long prayer in which he pretended to be in communion with the spirits of the blessed. After this, he explained his purpose to found a society to encourage the worship of God and to restore peace. Informing the company that they must all pass through a certain ceremony, and, gaining their consent, he appointed a Master, two Wardens, a Secretary, and an Orator. The visitors were then removed to another room in which was a picture of the ruins of Solomon’s Temple. They were next blindfolded, removed to another apartment and invested with the secrets, after which, Cromwell delivered a discourse on religion and politics, so impressing the novices that all sects united with Cromwell’s army in forming a secret association to promote the principles of the love of God and liberty and equality among men, but the real objective of which was the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth.

The Temple of Solomon, said the Abbe, was used as the symbol of glory or the primitive state of man, which, after some years, was destroyed by an army representing pride and ambition, the people being led away captive. Finally, the Freemasons were privileged to rebuild the Temple. The Order was divided into three degrees, the Master’s degree having a Hiramic legend differing somewhat from that later adopted. The death of Hiram represented the loss of liberty, and the confusion among the workmen represented the state of the people who were reduced to slavery by the tyrants. Cromwell is then said to have spread the Society over England, Scotland, and Ireland, the members being first called Freemasons, then Levelers, then Independents, next Fifth Monarchy Men, and, finally Freemasons.

The Abbe Larudan, like other fabricators, fell into the trap of his own ignorance. He did not know that Elias Ashmole had been made a Mason two years before Cromwell’s supposed theatrical performance, or that lodges had existed in most of the principal cities of Scotland before Cromwell was born, or that the Master’s degree was unheard of, and the Hiramic Legend, too, until sixty-five years after Cromwell’s death. The Abbe’s absurd story appears to have been composed by paraphrasing Edward Ludlow’s Memoirs in which he described Cromwell’s intrigues for the organization of a new political party, but in which nothing was said about Freemasonry.

http://priory-of-sion.com/biblios/links/larudan.html

Have you ever wondered whether the two important Cromwells in British history were related?

Henry VIII’s chief minister Thomas Cromwell who administered the takeover and sell-off, or dissolution of the monasteries in the 1530s…

and Oliver Cromwell, Puritan, roundhead & general of the parliamentary army in the 1640s English Civil war…

Yes, indeed they were. Thomas’ sister Katherine was the great-great grandmother of Oliver. Oliver was the great-great grandson of Thomas’ sister,

Oliver’s great-great-grandfather, Morgan Williams, had married Thomas Cromwell’s sister Katherine in 1497. Their three sons, Richard, another Richard and Walter, began the practice of calling themselves Cromwell in place of their true surname of Williams, in honour of their famous maternal uncle.

Thomas Cromwell’s older sister Katharine and her husband Morgan Williams, a Welsh lawyer, had a son, Richard, who later served in Thomas’s household and changed his surname to Cromwell. Oliver Cromwell was Richard’s great-grandson.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11375601/who-was-thomas- cromwell-facts-trivia-wolf-hall.html

Map of UK monasteries before the dissolution

The Two Cromwells: Destroying Monasteries And Democracy, A Century Apart

Oliver Cromwell was a blood descendent, of Henry VIII’s smasher and grabber of the monasteries, Thomas Cromwell. Both knew the best way to attack Christendom was to pose as Christian men themselves. Thomas the reformer, Oliver the Puritan

Thomas Cromwell was the brother of Oliver Cromwell’s great, great grandmother. So Oliver Cromwell was the great, great grandson of Thomas Cromwell’s sister Katherine. The line went as follows: Katherine married Morgan Williams who were the parents of Richard Williams-Cromwell. His son Henry Williams-Cromwell’s son Robert Cromwell, was Oliver Cromwell’s father.

The Freemasons Crushed translated into English – Les Francs-Maçons Écrasés; Suite Du Livre Intitulé: L’ordre Des Francs-Maçons Trahi by Abbe Larudan (Amsterdam 1778)

Published over a century after the 1642-49 English Civil War Larudan’s ‘Freemasons Crushed’ was based on various rumours and sources which had been passed down in France. Charles’ wife Henrietta Maria had acted as a Paris magnet for pre-restoration exiles from England. This was published over a century after the events when their significance had been understood only after Freemasonry began to come out into the open in the mid 1700s.

Cromwell knew that whilst he held the king captive on the Isle of Wight he had to find some ‘legal’ means to execute him or Charles would continue as a political force after the war and may well succeed in having him, Cromwell, executed.

With some old wives tale about a (revived Knights Templar myth) ‘noble cause’ of restoring Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem, he hand picked self-seeking men from all political factions and initiated them into a classic secret society with the usual bloodthirsty oaths and penalties, with the object of the judicial murder of the king.

Cromwell’s cult began secretly gathering opinions of all the Long Parliament’s MPs on whether the king might have a role in a future settlement. On 6th December 1649 he ordered his son-in-law Colonel Thomas Pride to arrest 140 MPs of all parties who wanted to negotiate with the king, the infamous ‘Pride’s Purge’, thus ensuring the vote on whether or not to try the king for treason would go his way.

Extract from Les Francs-Maçons Écrasés, pp. 76 ff. Abbe Larudan – translated by former GCHQ linguist Alexander Thomson

In 1640, Cromwell, conversing one day with Sir [Thomas] Chicheley about religion, spoke to him in these terms: “I could very well tell you what I would not like, but I cannot tell you what I would like.” Ambiguous words, and ones which contain the design in which Cromwell was to lay the foundations of a Society in which all religious affiliations would be irrelevant. This is in fact easy to conceive of, if one considers the way in which he sought to reconcile, in 1648, a multitude of different denominations. Such, for example, were the Presbyterians; the Independents, who flattered themselves that they could exist under any kind of government; the Agitators, whose army supported the interests of, and who fought, they said, for the free exercise of the Anglican denomination; the Levellers, whose aim was the abolition of all monarchical power; in a word, so many other parties divided in their interests and sentiments, which his approach found the means to unite together.

The first undertaking that he managed to accomplish successfully, and that for some time he would not drop except to take care of another which seemed to him no less worthy of his attention, was the reform of politics among the English; a task which a heated dispute between Parliament and the soldiers in 1647 gave him an opportunity to bring about. Parliament, still attached to the party of King Charles, was trying maintain him against the Army, which had become his adversary; but Cromwell was so good at handling the divided sentiments that he was able to head off the uprising by making them understand that they would soon have satisfaction anyway. But this calm which he had just re-established was merely a favourable time that he had wished to buy for himself to sound out people’s feelings cunningly, and to exploit their varying attitudes to bring about the massive projects which he was incessantly pushing. And indeed, in 1648, he was not backward about making known the fruits he had plucked from this interval. Having arrived one day in Parliament with Ireton, his confidant, he held forth in a monologue in which he declared loudly: “King Charles has ceased to be the father of the people, becoming its tyrant; not only does England no longer belong to him as a subject, but moreover this nation is from now on going to have to govern itself. If Parliament is not disposed at once to make work of restoring liberty, I shall have no further obligation to him for the benefits which the nation might produce for him; but I shall owe it all to my belief in the spirit of the soldiers who fight before my eyes, and whose value is going to become England’s sole resource.”

Let it not be imagined here that Cromwell’s purpose in these discourses was only the exclusion of the King, to introduce democratic government: no; his views extended even further, since in the very time when he was enticing the Royalists, the Presbyterians, and the Independents with the hope of an elusive peace, his project was taking on new strengths. He had already communicated it to some of his friends, such as Algernon Sidney, Newell, Martin Wildeman, Harrington, Monk, Fairfax, and a great many others, all of them behind-the-scenes enemies of the King and Parliament. They had even already held some secret meetings, to plot the means of establishing [the plan] with safety, and to lead it with prudence: which brings me inexorably to relate what went on among them, the first day that Cromwell addressed them on this topic.

In the year 1648, a meal which he gave to his friends, at his expense and at the expense of those who knew his purpose, was the favourable moment which he seized to open up to the company. After there had been heavy drinking by all, and some vague speeches given on religion and politics, Cromwell — in the presence of all the guests, among whom were several Members of Parliament, together with some Presbyterians and Independents, broached the topic of the sad state of England: he made them feel pathetically how much this unfortunate nation was having to suffer from all the differences in religion and politics; what a shame it would be for minds as enlightened as they were, not to put an end to these evils which were cruelly tearing the nation apart. Scarcely had Cromwell reached this point when Ireton, who had had the opportunity to prepare his speech, rose abruptly, and looking penetratingly at the whole company, assured him of the necessity of reconciling together, for the public good, so many contrary parties which were its scourge. He added vehemently that he would not hesitate to sacrifice his goods and his blood to remedy so many misfortunes, and to show men the path they must take to shake off the yoke that oppressed them, and to shatter the iron sceptre under which they were being made to groan; but that to begin this great work worthily, it was first necessary to destroy all power which had betrayed the nation’s interests.

After this, he turned to Cromwell, urging him to explain what he thought of the matter. Never was a request more promptly indulged. Cromwell duly rose; and after endless grimaces, accompanied by so many metaphors, the better to prepare his audience, he set forth in ambiguous terms the duty of worshipping God, the necessity of repelling strength by force, of delivering our fellow-creatures from oppression and tyranny; and finishing his speech at once, he desired to pique the curiosity of all the guests by making them understand that he knew an infallible means of succeeding in this great enterprise, of restoring to England the peace which she longed for, by drawing her from the abyss into which she had been plunged; and that this means, communicated to the universe to draw the same advantage in it, would warrant the recognition of men, to the extent of causing the memory of its author to live on to the most remote posterity.

Cromwell was soon satisfied; no sooner had he ceased to speak than every guest prayed him, begged him to reveal this admirable expedient. But far from yielding to their eagerness, he only annoyed them even more by contenting himself with answering modestly that such a prodigious achievement surpassed man’s strength; that being merely the one man who was starting it, by the rectitude of his intentions and the firmness of his courage, but at the same time unable to accomplish it without help, he preferred to groan in secret, and to share in a common [to society] misfortune, than to expose to the most terrible danger men who were perhaps weak enough to be frightened by [the solution].

What address, what ruse [has ever been] better concerted! What political background could have been more ingenious to disguise his designs, and to bring them unwittingly to their purpose! Of all those who were at table with Cromwell, there was none of whose character he was unaware. This remarkable [intelligence] penetration, which revealed to him even the slightest movements afoot in the heart of his enemies, had evidently not abandoned him in the choice of those whom he intended to serve as a support for his project. He spent a few moments, during which he amused himself only by laughing and joking with his friends, making sure of them even more perfectly, and drawing from each heart its last secret, even while shrouding his own in impenetrable darkness. Thereafter, the proceedings recommenced, and they became more lively than before, especially on the part of his confidants, whom he had expressly urged that they should press him unyieldingly.

Cromwell, therefore, consented to open up, and after having greatly impressed upon the guests the value of a confidence such as this, he told them that he was ready to communicate a great plan to them, on the condition, however, that every guest should engage in an oath to reveal nothing to anyone, and to consider his design, and the plan he was going to propose, with an entirely calm spirit. The conditions were accepted unanimously, and Cromwell, having obtained what he had demanded, began by kneeling, and raising his hands to heaven, taking God and all the heavenly powers to witness to the innocence of his heart and the purity of his intentions. This prayer was accompanied by a pompous mass of emphatic expressions, after which, addressing the guests, he told them that the moment had not yet come for to reveal to them what he had promised; that a celestial inspiration which he had just felt obliged him to postpone for four days, at the end of which interval he urged them to reconvene at King’s Street, at six o’clock in the evening. However desire there was, then, however much keenness everyone felt to know this important secret, it was necessary to postpone the party to the day appointed by Cromwell, and to go their separate ways [for now], but not before having renewed the promise to disclose nothing of what they had witnessed: a promise all the less difficult to maintain, since Cromwell had not yet made anything known.

At last, on the fourth day, everyone went to the appointed place, still in fear, however, that Cromwell had not yet received a visit from the Holy Ghost, who might send him away as before. But this time, he had been so comfortable with Heaven that the ceremony could begin. So he led his band into a dark room, where he prepared them by long prayers, in which he behaved such a way as to make known that he was really in communion with the blessed spirits. This prelude done, he spoke to the whole assembly, saying that his purpose was to found a society whose sole object was to restore to God the worship which is due to Him, and to England the peace which she desired; but that a project of this consequence required consummate prudence and infinite skill. Then, taking the world’s most subtle censer [of incense or meant figuratively of speech], he lavished all its vapours on all those whom the room contained; and after having put them in the most favourable moods, by these praises and elegies with which he overwhelmed them, he made them understand that this had come to him in the spirit of practising a certain ceremony for the reception of every new member which he would have to undergo; that since this ceremony contained nothing relating to the Divinity, it seemed to him a most promising thing to establish, provided, however, that the band consented to accept it.

The proposition was universally received; and Cromwell having received the vote of all present, he chose five from among them, to occupy the places of which we shall speak later; that is, two Surveillants, a Secretary, a Speaker, and a Master; such were the titles which he gave them himself. This new promotion made, he made his band change rooms, introducing them to another prepared for the purpose, and on whose floor one saw a representation of the ruins of the Temple of Solomon: we will have occasion to speak about this anon. From this new room, he passed to yet another, where he advised them to redouble their prayers to be found worthy of finally entering the one that was the centre of this light which was to enlighten them. For his own part, having taken the lead, he sent to his disciples a Surveillant charged with asking each one politely to be willing to allow that his eyes be blindfolded until he had been introduced to the place destined to receive him. The desire to see things more clearly made each one willing to consent to lose his sight of the light for a moment; which was accomplished without having to blandish any of them.

All the ceremonial performed, and the blindfold removed from each man, Cromwell’s conversation turned first to politics and religion. He set out the Presbyterians and the Independents were to be mutually reconciled, exhorting them to abandon all these trivial disputes, which, not at all bearing upon the essence of the matter, merely embittered men’s souls and changed the most tender love into the most irreconcilable hatred.

Former English Civil War Army Officer, now ‘Leveller’ John Lilburne captured by Cromwell’s ‘Council of State’ in 1649

In March, 1649, leading Leveller writers John Lilburne, William Overton and Thomas Prince published ‘England’s New Chains Discovered’. They attacked the ‘arbitrary government’ of Oliver Cromwell pointing out: “They may talk of freedom, but what freedom indeed is there so long as they stop the Press, which is indeed and hath been so accounted in all free Nations, the most essential part thereof. What freedom is there left, when honest and worthy Soldiers are sentenced and enforced to ride the horse with their faces reverst, and their swords broken over their heads for but petitioning and presenting a letter in justification of their liberty therein?”

When Lilburne was jailed in the Tower of London there was uproar. Voices throughout England’s Leveller movement called for his release. This included Britain’s first ever all-women petition, supported by over 10,000 signatures. A group including John’s wife Elizabeth Lilburne, and one Katherine Chidley, presented the petition to the House of Commons on 25th April, 1649.

Pauline Gregg, Free-Born John: A Biography Of John Lilburne (1961) page 270

Although he agreed with some of the Leveller’s policies, including the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords, Cromwell refused to increase the number of people who could vote in elections. Lilburne attacked Cromwell’s suppression of Roman Catholics in Ireland and Parliament’s persecution of Royalists in England and the decision to execute Charles I.

In February, 1649, he published England’s New Chains Discovered. “He appealed to the army and the provinces as well as Londoners to join him in rejecting the rule of the military junta, the council of state, and their ‘puppet’ parliament. Leveller agitation, inspired by his example, revived. He was soon in the Tower again for the suspected authorship of a book which parliament had declared treasonable”.

In another pamphlet Lilburne described Cromwell as the “new King.” On 24th March, Lilburne read his latest pamphlet, out loud to a crowd outside Winchester House, where he was living at the time, and then presented it to the House of Commons later that same day. It was condemned as “false, scandalous, and reproachful” as well as “highly seditious” and on 28th March he was arrested at his home.

Richard Overton, William Walwyn and Thomas Prince, were also taken into custody and all were brought before the Council of State in the afternoon. Lilburne later claimed that while he was being held prisoner in an adjacent room, he [put his ear to the keyhole and] heard Cromwell thumping his fist upon the Council table and shouting that the only “way to deal with these men is to break them in pieces … if you do not break them, they will break you!”

 

Enclosure For Empire: Witchcraft, Freemasonry and Oliver Cromwell

8 thoughts on “Dissolution of the Monasteries, Civil War, Thomas Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell and the founding of freemasonry and Zionism?”

  1. Pingback: anon
  2. On a lighter note, Star Trek uses some nice cryptic clues as to who is in charge.

    The Captain of this Star Ship enterprise is James T. Kirk.

    Middle name – Tiberius (as in Roman Emperor).

    Surname – Kirk as in Scottish Church.

  3. Scribe Nehemiah Most Excellent there is a report.
    https://www.bilderberg.org/Royal_Arch.htm

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Companion Scribe Nehemiah see who seeks admission.

    Scribe Nehemiah (Opens the door and addresses the Janitor) Whom have you there?

    Janitor. Three Master Masons from Babylon having heard that you are about to rebuild the Temple to the honour and glory of the Most High are anxious to sojourn amongst you and assist in that great and glorious undertaking.

    Scribe Nehemiah Wait, while I report to the Most Excellent (Closes the door, and returns to the point of address).

    Scribe Nehemiah. Most Excellent three Master Masons from Babylon having heard that you are about to rebuild the Temple to the honour and glory of the Most High are anxious to sojourn amongst you and assist in that great and glorious undertaking.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Admit them.

    The Sojourners and Candidate are admitted and take up position in the West, Principal Sojourner in the centre with the Candidate at his right and 1st Assistant Sojourner on his left.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Strangers, whence come you?

    Principal Sojourner. From Babylon Most Excellent

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel What is your request?

    Principal Sojourner Having heard that you are about to rebuild the Temple to the honour and glory of the Most High, we are anxious to sojourn amongst you and assist in that great and glorious undertaking.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel As no strangers can be permitted to assist in that holy work, we must first enquire who you are.

    Principal Sojourner. Brethren of your own tribes and families Most Excellent

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel But are you not descended from those who fled when the City and Holy Temple were sorely oppressed, or are you of those left behind by the Babylonish General for the purpose of tilling the land?

    Principal Sojourner. We would scorn to be descended from those who basely fled when the City and Holy Temple were sorely oppressed; neither are we of those left behind by the Babylonish General for the purpose of tilling the land; but we are nobly born, and like yourselves descended from a race of Patriarchs and Kings. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were our forefathers. Most Excellent we are of the royal line of David and princely tribe of Judah, who, for their sins and those of the people were led into captivity with Jehoiakin their King, by Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon, there to remain for seventy years as was foretold by the prophet Jeremiah. The period of our captivity expired in the first year of the reign of Cyrus, King of Persia, when it pleased the Almighty to inspire that noble prince to issue the following proclamation: “Thus saith Cyrus, King of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the Lord God of Heaven given me; and he hath charged me to build him an house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Who is there among you of all His people? The Lord his God be with him and let him go up”. We eagerly availed ourselves of this opportunity of returning to our native land, and have come up accordingly to sojourn amongst you and offer our assistance in rebuilding the Temple to the honour and glory of the Most High who hath promised by the mouth of His Holy Prophet, there to establish His Name for ever and give peace to the whole earth.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel We acknowledge your noble ancestry and cheerfully admit you members of our tribes and families. It only remains to enquire on what part of the holy work you wish to be employed?

    Principal Sojourner Any position to which your Excellencies may be pleased to appoint us will be deemed an honour conferred.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Humility and docility are sure indications of merit, but, from the lateness of your application, the principal offices are already filled. We will, however, engage you to prepare the ground for the foundation of the Second Temple on the site where the first Temple formerly stood; for which purpose you will be provided with proper working implements; but we lay this strict injunction upon you, that should you, during the progress of your labours make any discovery you deem of importance, you will communicate it to none but the Grand Sanhedrim now sitting.

    Scribe Nehemiah and Scribe Ezra hand the crowbar, pickaxe, shovel, scroll and lifelines as follows: crowbar, scroll and lifelines to the ps., pickaxe to the Candidate, shovel to 1st Assistant Sojourner Scribe Nehemiah goes to the door to be ready for them to leave.

    Principal Sojourner We humbly thank your Excellencies for the trust reposed in us and pledge ourselves to a faithful discharge of the duties thereof.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Go – (at that point he lifts his right hand with 1st and 2nd fingers upright and together, thumb across palm to close the other two fingers, in the form of a Patriarchal blessing) – and may the God of your Fathers be with you. (Sojourners and Candidate retire). Janitor assists to fix the lifelines, then gives four knocks.

    Scribe Nehemiah Most Excellent, there is a report.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Companion Scribe Nehemiah see who seeks admission.

    Scribe Nehemiah (To Janitor) Whom have you there?

    Janitor. The three Sojourners who were sent to prepare the ground for the foundation of the Second Temple, having made a discovery they deem of importance, are anxious to communicate the same to the Grand Sanhedrim now sitting.

    Scribe Nehemiah Wait while I report to the Most Excellent (Closes the door) Goes to the point of address. Most Excellent, the three Sojourners who were sent to prepare the ground for the foundation of the Second Temple, having made a discovery they deem of importance are anxious to communicate the same to your Excellencies.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Admit them.

    The Sojourners and Candidate are admitted and take up positions in the West near the Kneeling Stool, Principal Sojourner in the centre carrying crowbar and Scroll, 1st Assistant Sojourner on his left carrying shovel and holding the end of one of the smaller cords, the Candidate on the right of the Principal Sojourner carrying the pickaxe and holding the end of the other small cord.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Brethren we understand you have made a discovery you deem of importance. You will therefore communicate the discovery you have made and the circumstances which led thereto.

    Principal Sojourner Resuming our labours early this morning we discovered a pair of pillars of exquisite design and workmanship; proceeding onwards we found six other pairs of equal symmetry and beauty which, from their position, appeared to have supported the roof of a subterranean passage or gallery leading to where the Most Holy Place formerly stood. Our progress was here impeded by the fragments which had fallen during the conflagration of the former Temple. These we cleared away and arrived at what appeared to be solid rock. Accidentally striking it with my crow (strikes the floor) I remarked a hollow sound, I therefore hailed my Companions when the one with the pick loosened the ground, which the other with the shovel cleared away (both go through the motions); when that which at first appeared to be solid rock proved to be a compact piece of masonry wrought in the form of a dome. Aware of who had been the Architect of the former Temple, and that no part thereof had been constructed in vain, we determined to examine it further, for which purpose we wrenched forth two of the arch stones, when a vault of considerable magnitude appeared to view. All being anxious to descend, we cast lots. The lot Most Excellent was mine. My Companions then tied this strong cord or lifeline round my body by which to lower me into the vault, but being apprehensive of dying from damp, noxious vapours or other unforeseen causes, I took a smaller cord in each hand by which to give preconcerted signals should I require more liberty or wish to be drawn up. I was then duly lowered into the vault. On arriving at the bottom I felt something like the base or pedestal of a column, with certain characters engraven thereon, but for the want of light was unable to decipher their meaning. I signalled with my left hand for more liberty and on exploring the vault found this scroll of vellum or parchment, but from the same cause was unable to read its contents. I then signalled with my right hand and my Companions drew me up bringing the scroll with me. On arriving at the light of day we found from the first words thereon recorded that it was part of the long lost Sacred Law promulgated by Moses at the foot of Mount Horeb in the wilderness of Sinai. The possession of this precious treasure stimulated us to further exertions; we therefore enlarged the aperture by removing the keystone and I descended as before. The sun by this time had gained its greatest altitude and darted its rays with meridian splendour into the vault, enabling me clearly to distinguish those objects I had before so imperfectly discovered. In the centre of the vault stood a block of white marble wrought in the form of the Altar of Incense a double cube. On the front were engraven the initials of the three Grand Masters who presided at the building of the former Temple namely, Solomon King of Israel, Hiram King of Tyre, and Hiram Abiff with certain mystic characters, and a veil covered the top. Approaching with reverential awe I raised the veil and there beheld, on a plate of gold, that which I humbly conceived to be the Sacred and Mysterious Name of the True and Living God Most High I carefully re-veiled it with all respect and reverence, gave the agreed-on signal, and was again drawn up. With the assistance of my Companions I closed the aperture, and we have hastened hither to communicate to your Excellencies the discovery we have made and the circumstances which led thereto.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Your narrative bears every appearance of truth, but to convince us you must state what you saw on that plate of gold.

    Principal Sojourner That Most Excellent we must humbly beg to decline; for we have heard with our ears and our fathers have declared unto us that in their day, and the old time before, it was not lawful for anyone to pronounce the Sacred and Mysterious Name of the True and Living God Most High save the High Priest, nor him but once a year when he entered the Holy of Holies and stood before the Ark of the Covenant to make propitiation for the sins of the people.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel We admire your pious caution, and your conduct considerably increases our esteem. We will, however, depute two of our Companions, Ezra and Nehemiah. to accompany you to the spot and their report shall determine your reward.

    Principal Sojourner hands the Scroll and crowbar to 1st Assistant Sojourner who takes charge of the Candidate and prevents him from looking round to watch proceedings. Principal Sojourner and the two Scribes retire to the extreme West corner of the Chapter where the Principal Sojourner says in a whisper, Stand to Order thus. (All three stand with the Reverential or Hailing sign and quietly they share the Name three times, commencing with Principal Sojourner then with Nehemiah lastly with Ezra. He then returns to his position between the Candidate and Assistant Sojourner who restores the Scroll and crowbar to him. Scribes Ezra and Nehemiah go to nearest ensign, Nehemiah in the south and Ezra in the north and make their advance by three steps, commencing with the left foot, halt and bow, no sign, two more commencing with the right foot, halt and bow, two more commencing with the right foot halt and bow. The feet are brought together each time they halt. They remove the veil, verify that the Name is exhibited and then address Most Excellent Zerubbabel. (no sign)

    Scribe Ezra. Right Most Excellent in every particular.

    Scribe Nehemiah Right Most Excellent in every particular.

    They both step backwards to stand in line with the Candidate, Principal Sojourner and Asst. Sojourner: Most Excellent Zerubbabel consults the other two Principals.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel My colleagues in office concur with me in opinion that, as a reward for your zeal and fidelity in having discovered the long lost secrets of the Royal Arch you should at once be called to that exalted rank so long held by your illustrious ancestors. Companions Ezra and Nehemiah divest those worthy Masons of the implements of labour, clothe them with the robes of innocence and instruct them to advance hither that they may be further rewarded.

    The Scribes take the Working Tools and replace them on the floor of the vault in the form of a triangle apex to the east, crowbar at the base, shovel on the left and pick on the right. Lifelines on the left and Scroll on the right. The Candidate is clothed in a white surplice and Master Mason apron is removed. The Sojourners remove their Master Mason aprons, put on Royal Arch clothing white surplice, collar of office over it. The Director of Ceremonies and Assistant Director of Ceremonies should assist the Scribes in this operation.

    Scribe Ezra. You will advance by seven steps, halting and bowing at the third, fifth and seventh. Follow and copy me. (He demonstrates – no sign – then resumes his seat).

    Assistant Sojourner resumes his seat. Principal Sojourner restrains the Candidate whilst the advance is being demonstrated but on conclusion passes the Candidate in front of him to go to the starting position and prompts the Candidate regarding that progress. On arrival in the East he places the Candidate at right angles to Haggai, facing south, and stands on his right. Most Excellent Zerubbabel passes his Sceptre to Joshua and steps down to face the Candidate

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel The robes with which you have been invested are emblems of that purity of heart and rectitude of conduct which should at all times actuate those exalted into this Supreme Degree. We reward you with this Jewel (pins it on the surplice) as a mark of our entire approbation, and admit you Companions amongst us; we decorate you with this ribbon – (sash is put on) – and Badge – (Apron is put on, underneath the sash) – the insignia of our Order; and entrust you with this Staff of Office (the ensign of Judah is given into the right hand of the Candidate) which you will ever have a right to bear unless 72 of the Elders are present; and hereby constitute you Princes and Rulers in the Order, and should you continue to act in the faithful discharge of your duties, you will by a regular gradation be entitled to a full participation of our secrets. It is in this part of the ceremony that the manner of sharing the Sacred Name is communicated. The Sojourners found this Name inscribed on a plate of gold in the vault, and rightly conceived it to be the Sacred and Mysterious Name of the True and Living God Most High because in olden times it was not lawful for anyone save the High Priest to pronounce the Name, it is our custom to divide it into three syllables, each syllable to be spoken by a different Companion, thus forming a token of recognition. Excellent Companion Haggai will you assist?

    Haggai Rises places Sceptre on his seat, turns to face West and is then already in position.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel Stand to order thus. (The two Principals and Candidate show the Reverential or Hailing sign, the Candidate receiving whispered instructions)

    It is given in a series of triangles, first with the right foot, second with the right knee, third right hand on right elbow, and fourth left hand grasping left wrist. The Name. . . . JAHBULON is given in a series of syllables. I will commence and you will follow (Principal Sojourner should prompt as necessary).

    On completion Most Excellent Zerubbabel and Haggai resume their seats, Most Excellent Zerubbabel receives his Sceptre from Joshua, Principal Sojourner conducts the Candidate to the west, Assistant Sojourner rises and they stand in line Principal Sojourner taking centre position with Candidate on his right and Assistant Sojourner on his left. Principal Sojourner gives Reverential or Hailing sign to the Name, but drops it before speaking to Most Excellent Zerubbabel..

    Principal Sojourner Thus invested, rewarded, decorated and entrusted by your Excellencies, it shall ever be our study to merit a continuance of your approbation by faithfully and assiduously discharging the duties of the high vocation to which you have this day been pleased to call us.

    Most Excellent Zerubbabel We congratulate you on being exalted into Royal Arch Masonry, at once the foundation and keystone of the whole Masonic structure. You may perhaps imagine that you have this day taken a fourth Degree in Freemasonry, such, however, is not the case. It is the Master Mason’s completed, for when you were raised to the Third Degree you were informed that by the untimely death of our Master Hiram Abiff the secrets of a Master Mason were lost, and that certain substituted secrets were adopted to distinguish all Master Masons until time or circumstances should restore the genuine.

    These secrets were lost for a period of nearly 500 years, and were regained in the manner which has just been described to you, somewhat in a dramatic form the more forcibly to impress on your minds the Providential means by which those ancient secrets were regained.

    We have now arrived at that part of the ceremony when Excellent Companion Joshua will give the Historical Lecture, Excellent Companion Haggai in the Symbolical, after which I will explain the Mystical portion of this Supreme Degree. Companions be seated.

    (The Sojurners and Candidate resume their seats, Candidate in the centre.)

    THE HISTORICAL OR THIRD PRINCIPAL’S LECTURE
    Most Excellent Zerubbabel (Knocks). Companions, I claim your attention to Excellent Companion Joshua for the Historical Lecture (Knocks).

    Joshua rises, steps down to floor court bow to Most Excellent Zerubbabel then addresses Candidate.

    Companions, there are three epochs in the history of Freemasonry which particularly merit your attention, namely, the openings of the First or Holy Lodge, the Second or Sacred Lodge and the Third or Grand and Royal Lodge.

    The First or Holy Lodge was opened Anno Lucis 2515, two years after the Exodus of the Children of Israel from their Egyptian bondage, by Moses, Aholiab and Bezaleel, on consecrated ground at the foot of Mount Horeb in the wilderness of Sinai, where the Children of Israel pitched their tents, and gathered themselves together to offer up praises and thanksgivings to the Most High for their signal deliverance from the hands of the Egyptians. There, but before that time, the Almighty was pleased to reveal himself to His faithful servant Moses, and commissioned him His High Ambassador, of wrath to Pharaoh and his people, but of freedom and salvation to the House of Jacob. There were delivered those mysterious forms and prototypes, the Tabernacle, the Ark of the Covenant, and the Tables of the Sacred Law engraven by the finger of the Most High with sublime and comprehensive precepts of moral and religious duty. There also were dictated by His unerring wisdom; those peculiar forms of civil and religious polity, which, by separating His once favoured people from all other nations, consecrated Israel a chosen vessel to His service. For these reasons this was designated the First or Holy Lodge.

    Solomon King of Israel, Hiram King of Tyre and Hiram Abiff presided over the Second or Sacred Lodge, which was opened Anno Lucis 2992, in the bosom of the Holy Mount Moriah, on the very centre of the ground where the Sanctum Sanctorum of the Sanhedrim was afterwards erected. On that consecrated spot Abraham proved his intuitive faith by not refusing to offer up his beloved son Isaac, a destined victim on the Altar of his God, when it pleased the Almighty to substitute a more agreeable sacrifice. There on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite, David offered up the mediatorial sacrifice by which the plague was stayed; and there, in a vision, were revealed to him the plans of that magnificent Temple after wards erected by his illustrious son, of whom God said, “He shall build an house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom for ever.” For these reasons this was denominated the Second or Sacred Lodge.

    The Third or Grand and Royal Lodge was holden at Jerusalem, and opened Anno Lucis 3469, shortly after the return of the Children of Israel from their Babylonish captivity, by Zerubbabel, Prince of the people; Haggai the prophet; and Joshua, the son of Josedech the High Priest. Then it was that the kingly power was restored, in the person of Zerubbabel, to the royal line of David and princely tribe of Judah. Nor was all vestige thereof effaced until after the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans under Titus in the 70th year of the present era. Therefore to commemorate the restoration, this was called the. Third or Grand and Royal Lodge; and we have in the present Chapter a resemblance of those Grand Originals. In every regular well-formed and properly constituted Royal Arch Chapter, we acknowledge the representation of the Grand and Holy Royal Arch Chapter of Jerusalem. The three Principals represent (Points to each in turn with his Sceptre) Zerubbabel, Haggai, and Joshua, whose names they bear. The two Scribes (Points to each) represent Ezra and Nehemiah, lectors and expounders of the Sacred Law and attendants on the Grand Sanhedrim.

    Yourselves (Points) represent the Sojourners, who, for their zeal and fidelity in having discovered the long-lost secrets of the Royal Arch, were rewarded with seats among the princes “and rulers of the people, represented (points) by the rest of the companions.

    Gives a court bow to Most Excellent Zerubbabel and resumes his seat.

    THE SYMBOLICAL OR SECOND PRINCIPAL’S LECTURE

    Before Most Excellent Zerrubbabel calls upon Excellent Companion Haggai (or Past 2nd Principal or P.z.) to give the Symbolical Lecture the Director of Ceremonies should remove the kneeling stool in the west in order that Candidate may have a better view.

    Most Excellent Zerrubbabel (Knocks) Companions. I claim your attention to Excellent Companion Haggai for the Symbolical Lecture (Knocks).

    Haggai Rises, steps down to the floor and gives a court bow to Most Excellent Zerrubbabel

    Companions, the forms, symbols and ornaments of Royal Arch Masonry, together with the rites and ceremonies at present in practice amongst us, were adopted by our predecessors at the building of the Second Temple, as well to preserve in our minds the Providential means by which those ancient secrets were regained as to impress on our hearts those exalted lessons of morality which we as members of this Supreme Degree are bound to practice.

    The form of a Royal Arch Chapter, when properly arranged, approaches as nearly as circumstances will permit that of a Catenarian Arch. Thus we preserve a memorial of the vaulted Shrine in which the Sacred Name was deposited; whilst from the impenetrable nature of this, the strongest of all architectural forms, we learn the necessity of guarding our mysteries from profanation by the most inviolable secrecy. It also strongly typifies that invariable adherence to social order and spirit of fraternal union which has given energy and permanency to the whole constitution of Freemasonry, thereby enabling it to survive the wreck of mighty empires, and resist the destroying hand of time; and as the subordinate members of the Catenarian Arch naturally gravitate towards the centre or keystone, which compresses and binds the whole structure together, so are we taught to look up with reverence and submit with cheerfulness to every lawfully constituted authority, whether it be of Civil or Masonic regulation.

    The Keystone of the Arch is represented by the Three Principals of the Chapter. For as the secrets of the Royal Arch were regained by wrenching forth the keystone thereof, so a perfect knowledge of this Supreme Degree can no otherwise be obtained than by passing those several Chairs.

    (Points. Steps forward to North side of the Pedestal).

    In Royal Arch Masonry we acknowledge six lights, three lesser (points to them with Sceptre) and three greater (points). The three lesser represent the light of the Law and the Prophets, and by their number allude to the Patriarchal, Mosaical, and Prophetical dispensations. The three greater represent the Sacred Name itself, and are emblematical of the creative, preservative and annihilative powers of the Deity.

    These lights are arranged in the form of an equilateral triangle, each of the lesser bisecting a line formed by two of the greater, thus geometrically dividing the greater triangle into three lesser triangles at its extremities, and forming a fourth in the centre, all equal and equilateral.

    (Walks to the East and points to this device on the central banner)

    This symbolical arrangement corresponds with the mysterious triple tau, which has two right angles at each of its exterior lines, and two in the centre; in all, eight right angles, corresponding in number with those contained in the four triangles; for the three angles of every triangle are together equal to two right angles. (walks to the West). It also serves to illustrate the jewel worn by the Companions (Draws attention to the Jewel) which forms by its intersections a given number of angles: these may be taken in five several combinations, and when reduced to their amount in right angles, will be found equal to the five regular Platonic bodies (points) representing the four elements and the sphere of the universe.

    The ribbon worn by the Companions. (Draws attention to it) is a sacred emblem denoting light, being composed of two of the principal colours with which the veils of the Temple and Tabernacle were interwoven. The sacredness of the emblem is further signified by its irradiated form, which has ever been considered an emblem of regal dignity and power.

    The Ensigns on the staves borne by the Companions are the distinctive bearings of the twelve tribes of Israel, and are figurative of a peculiar blessing bequeathed to each by the Patriarch Jacob, who, shortly before his death, assembled them together for that purpose, as we find recorded in the 49th Chapter of the Book of Genesis; the tribes are further pointed out in the 2nd Chapter of the Book of Numbers. (Walks to the East).

    The four principal banners represent the leading standards of the four divisions of the army of Israel, which bore devices of (points) a Man, a Lion, an Ox and an Eagle. A Man to personify intelligence and understanding; a Lion to represent strength and power; an Ox to denote the ministration of patience and assiduity; and an Eagle to indicate the promptness and celerity with which the will and pleasure of the Great I AM are ever executed.

    The bearings on the Sceptres (The Principals hold them up to view) denote (points to each in turn) the regal, prophetical, and sacerdotal offices, all of which ever were and still ought to be conferred in a peculiar manner accompanied by the communication of particular secrets. The Bible Square and Compasses (points to them) are the appropriate emblems of the three Grand Masters who presided at the building of the former Temple. The Bible. denotes the wisdom of King Solomon the Square the strength of King Hiram and the Compasses the exquisite skill of Hiram Abiff but the truly speculative Mason ever regards them as the unerring standards of the Wisdom, Truth and Justice of the M.H. His Wisdom is amply exemplified in the Volume of the Sacred Law which contains the record of His mighty acts and is the register of His revealed will. His Truth is justly “presented by the Square, that being the acknowledged symbol of strength and criterion of perfection, whilst His unerring and impartial Justice, in having defined for our instruction the limits of good and evil, assigning to each his due proportion of pleasure and pain, is elucidated by the Compasses by which instrument we are enabled to measure and ascertain the limits of all geometrical figures and deduce our ideas of their proportion, and equality to a given standard.

    The Sword and Trowel (points to them) were adopted by Royal Arch Masons to commemorate the valour of those worthy men who assisted at the building of the Second Temple, who, with Trowel in hand and Sword by their side were ever ready to defend the City and Holy Sanctuary against the unprovoked attacks of their enemies, thereby leaving an impressive lesson to future ages; that, next to implicit obedience to all lawfully constituted authority, a manly and determined resistance to lawless violence is the first of social duties.

    The Pick, Crowbar and Shovel. (Points to them) were the implements made use of by the Sojourners who were sent to prepare the ground for the foundation of the Second Temple, the Pick to loosen the ground, the Crowbar to take purchases and the Shovel to clear away the rubbish and loose earth. These we symbolise.

    The stroke of the Pick reminds us of the sound of the last trumpet, when the ground shall be shaken, loosened, and the graves deliver and give up their dead; the Crowbar being an emblem of uprightness, points to the erect manner in which the body shall arise on that awful day to meet its tremendous though merciful Judge; while the manner in which the body is laid in the grave is fully depicted by the work of the Shovel and we, with humble but holy confidence, hope that when these earthly remains have been properly disposed of, the spirit will arise to immortal life and everlasting bliss.

    THE MYSTICAL OR FIRST PRINCIPAL’S LECTURE

    The Mystical Lecture is in two Parts, each Part is to be given by Most Excellent Zerrubbabel or by a Past First Principal on his behalf: It is an essential part of Exaltation.

    PART 1

    Most Excellent Zerrubbabel (Knocks, remains seated)

    Companions, the mystical knowledge of this Supreme Degree comprehends the forms and explanation of the signs, the nature and import of the Sacred Name, and the traditional ceremony to be observed in sharing it.

    In Royal Arch Masonry we acknowledge five signs, corresponding in number with the five points of fellowship in which the Master Mason has already been instructed; and as these point out the relative duties we owe to each other, so do the former mark in a peculiar manner the relation we bear to the Most High, as creatures offending against His mighty will and power, yet still the adopted children of His mercy. I will now go through the signs, and you, my newly-exalted Companion, will rise and copy me. (Passes Sceptre to J. Steps down to floor and addresses the Candidate who, with the Sojourners, stands up). This is the Penal Sign – (shows the sign and Candidate copies, Principal Sojourner should prompt for correct hand to be used) – the only perfect sign in Freemasonry given with the left hand. This is the Reverential or Hailing Sign. (shows the sign in two parts, left hand first and then the right, discharging both together) and is to be used when entering or retiring from the Chapter, always to the Name, then discharged, and before addressing the Principals. This is the

    Penitential or Supplicatory Sign, (Most Excellent Zerrabbubel goes to the kneeling stool, Candidate is taken to the one in the west for this sign) on bended knees and with uplifted hands; this the Monitorial sign, hands girding the loins, thumbs to the front; and this the Fiducial. You will now resume your seats, and I will explain them at length. (Candidate and Sojourners resume seats, Candidate in centre).

    The Penal Sign (Shows sign) alludes to the fall of Adam, and the dreadful penalty entailed thereby on his sinful posterity, no less than death. It intimates by the very act that the stiff-necked and disobedient shall be cut off from the land of the living by the judgement of God, even as, in ancient times, the head was severed from the body by the sword of human justice. We are taught by the Reverential or Hailing Sign to bend (shows first part) with humility and resignation beneath the chastening hand of the Almighty, at the same time to engraft His laws on our hearts. (Completes sign).

    In this expressive form did the father of the human race present himself before the Most High to receive the enunciation of his just, though terrible doom; (discards sign) and this sign was afterwards adopted by Moses who, when the Lord appeared to him in the burning bush at the foot of Mount Horeb in the Wilderness of Sinai, thus shaded his eyes from the brightness of the Divine Presence, (does it) and placed his hand on his heart in token of obedience; (does it) and this sign was afterwards accounted unto him for righteousness. (discards sign).

    The Reverential or Hailing sign may justly be deemed the parent of the Penitential or Supplicatory sign since it so truly denotes that frame of heart and mind with out which our prayers, and oblations of praise, cannot find acceptance at the Throne of Grace; before which, how should a frail and erring creature of the dust present himself but on bended knees (kneels on stool)

    and with uplifted hands (places hands together in attitude of prayer) at once betokening his humility and contrition. Thus did Adam kneel to God and bless the Author of his being; thus too did he bend with contrite awe before the face of his offended Judge, to avert His wrath and conciliate His mercy, and has transmitted this outward form of humility and contrition to his sinful posterity for ever.

    The Monitorial sign reminds us of the weakness of human nature, unable to resist the powers of darkness unless assisted by that light (here points to Volume of the Sacred Law) which is from above. By this defenceless posture (shows sign) we acknowledge our whole frailty, and confess that we can do no manner of good or acceptable service but through Him, from whom all good counsels and just works do proceed, and without whose Divine and special favour we must ever have remained unprofitable servants in His sight. Therefore, after the manner of our holy ancestors, the atoning priests, by this outward form of faith and dependence, the Fiducial sign (shows sign) we show that we would prostrate ourselves with our faces to the dust. Thus must we throw ourselves on the mercy of our Divine Creator and Judge, looking forward with humble but holy confidence to His blessed promises, by which means alone we hope to pass through the ark of our redemption into the mansions of eternal bliss and glory, into the presence of HIM, who is the Great I AM, the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last.

    If Most Excellent Zerrubbabel is to give Part 2 he will recover his Sceptre from J. and continue. If not he will take his Sceptre, resume his seat and then say:

    I now call upon Excellent Companion ___________ who will give Part 2 of the Mystical Lecture.

    (That Companion will come to Most Excellent Zerrubbabel to receive the Sceptre, give a court bow in return and then proceed as follows:)

    PART 2

    At the building of King Solomon’s Temple a vast number of masons were employed, and their names or marks were found engraven on some part or other of the building, but the names of the three Grand Masters who presided, were nowhere found until they were discovered in the Royal Arch by the Sojourners who were sent to prepare the ground for the foundation of the Second Temple. In the centre of the vault stood a block of white marble, wrought in the form of the Altar of Incense, a double cube; on the top of which was a plate of gold; white being an emblem of innocence and gold of purity. (Moves to North side of the Pedestal slightly in front and points with Sceptre in left hand)

    On the front were engraven the initials of the three Grand Masters who presided at the building of the former Temple, namely Solomon King of Israel, Hiram King of Tyre and Hiram Abiff and were meant to perpetuate their names as well as to commemorate the circumstances and proceedings attending the erection of that structure. There was likewise the triple tau, a mark or character affixed to the summonses of Royal Arch Masons. The tau is that mark or sign spoken of by the Angel whom Ezekiel saw in the spirit, when it was said to the man with the writer’s inkhorn, “Go through the midst of the City, through the midst of Jerusalem, and set a mark on the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof,” by which mark they were saved from amongst those who were slain for their idolatry by the wrathful displeasure of the Most High. In ancient times this mark was placed on those who were acquitted by their Judges in proof of their innocence; and military commanders caused it to be placed on the foreheads of those who returned unhurt from the field of battle denoting that they were in perfect life. For these reasons it has ever been considered a mark or sign of life.

  4. From John Courtneidge courtj@myphone.coop

    In Brief
    http://sustainabilitynotcapitalism.blogspot.co.uk/2018/01/in-brief.html

    I use the acronym TRIP-Up as an aide memoire for the five mechanisms that capitalism uses to kill us:

    T = Theft

    R = Rent

    I = Interest

    P = Profit

    Up = Unequal-pay for paid work

    Using the 2:10:88 alternative to the Occupy imposition/assertion, ‘We are the 99%!’:

    The 2% (The Theives that have stolen the world’s (God-given) economic resources) demand Rent, Interest and Profits from ‘us’, the 88%.

    Hence the slogans: ‘Capitalism js a RIP-off’, ‘Capitalism RIP’ and ‘Let’s get RID of Capitalism’ (where the D in RID stands for Dividends: Profits ‘paid’ to Shareholders).

    Finally, the 2% allow their Praetorian Guard to Tax (another entry discussion point into the letter T) ‘us’, the 88%, so that they (the 10%, and their families) are ‘paid’/take higher Unequal-pay, Perks (Perquisities: non-money extras: like Company Cars, free health care, etc) and Pensions.

    Two ps’s, perhaps:

    1) ‘We’, the 88%, are forced to do the D-jobs:

    = Dirty, Dangerous, Degrading, Dispiriting, Drudgery, etc.

    While the 10%, (The 2%’s Praetorian Guard = their ‘Protectors’), do the P-jobs:

    = Propagandists, Popes, Prelates, Publishers, Pimps, Professors, Policemen, Prison Guards, etc:

    All of whom wield John Kenneth Galbraith’s three Power Mechanisms*:

    Condign Power, Compensatory Power, Conditioned Power.

    Ie, the Stick, the Carrot and ‘Your’ telly. Or, Bullying, Bribery and Brainwashing.

    * from his book ‘The Anatomy of Power’.

    2) The ‘God-given Economic Resources’ that, when stolen, provide the four RIPUp incomes are:

    Rent: The Theft of Land provides Rent

    (eg the Theft of England in 1066 of of north America in the 17th, 18th and 19th Centuries)

    Interest: The Theft of The Law provides Interest

    (eg Henry VIII’s ‘legalisation’, for the first time in England, of usury in 1545)

    Profit: The Theft of Knowledge provides Profit

    ( Ie the history of for-profit trade, commerce and industry)

    Unequal-pay for work: The Theft of Position provides Unequal-pay for work

    (ie the bosses(the 10%) ‘deserve’ more than the oiks (‘us’, the 88%)).

    Hope this helps!

    And thanks, Gianne, for prompting this reprise!

    Best,

    John

  5. I can’t see where exactly the Holy Roman empire would have intervened. Freemasonry was always hooked up with the Prods long before Cromwell came on the scene. . Around 1600 the Roscrcian Manifesto was published in Oppenhiem, which is near Heidelberg. Fredrick of Palatine, (Castle with Magic gardens at Heidelberg) who married James 1st’s daughter Elizabeth took over Bohemia. Winter King .. The Emporer Ferdinand II was not amused. Battle of the White Mountain, 1618 Bohemian tragedy. Kick off time for 30 years war. Which was won by Gustavus Adolphus the Swedish King. James I kept out of it.
    Ferdinand’s aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the Empire and to suppress Protestantism. But he ended up getting his arse kicked. The catholics had to sign the multi faceted The Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Which was three giant steps for Protestants. Cromwell was born in 1599 so he was 19 when the 30 years war started and he only out lasted it by 5 years. So I doubt that the Emporer had time to meddle with English affairs during Cromwells lifetime.

  6. Would it be more likely that Freemasonic secret societies were created by the Holy Roman Empire to infiltrate the Protestant movement and take over from within? As it is pointed out in the article – Elias Ashmole was already a practising Freemason – ref diary entry 16 Oct 1646.

    See pubastrology.com for further evidence.

    1. In Profile : Oliver Cromwell A Mulatto Puritan And The Real Corporate Commonwealth
      https://thebridgelifeinthemix.info/history/profile-oliver-cromwell/

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealth

      1642 – 1685 : The period of the English Civil War in which the laws on Usury are removed and Compound Interest (Usury) replaces Fees, and a banking puppet monarchy established under Charles II Protected by the strange man and Royal Society member that was General George Monck. The East India Company charters were changed giving the company legal authority to invent and enforce its own statutes, in contradiction to the Realm, and therefore no longer of the British Realm. An empire is born in private hands in the sovereign state called the Inner City of London acting as the front empire to the Templar elite. Scotland held the Templar Navy which would become the East India Companies whereby Holland hosted the financial banking paradigm, through Cromwell they would move the financial and commercial to a revived Inner City of London until the Tudor Navy could transform to become the Royal Navy.

      During the Cromwell era Freemasonry acted entirely within the Christian theology, Albert Mackey in his book History of Freemasonry, P.273, wrote :

      “Rebold, however, gives another form to the Legend and traces the rise of Stuart Masonry to a much earlier period. In his History of the Three Grand Lodges he says that during the troubles which dis- tracted Great Britain about the middle of the 17th century and after the decapitation of Charles I. in 1649, the Masons of England, and especially those of Scotland, laboured secretly for the re-establishment of the monarchy which had been overthrown by Cromwell. For the accomplishment of this purpose they invented two higher degrees and gave to Freemasonry an entirely political character.”

      Not only would Cromwell undermine a king, he set the scene for the introduction of Jewry and no sooner did the money lenders arrive, the same began to set up their own Lodges. By the 1700s, many fleeing the Spanish Inquisition, had entered Scotland with the claim to be Spanish Catholics. Thus began the rise of the Whigs.

      1694 : Establishment of the privately owned Bank of England from which war would become a major part of the accumulation of debt owed to the families behind the Central Banks when it became the normal procedure for the central banks to issue fiat currencies.

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealthJewry as doctrine had been banned in England since Edward I, he built castles to penn in the Templars in Scotland and also the Florentines elite who had taken root on Mann filtering into Wales through Anglesey and formed yet another New Jerusalem. Through the merchant class and families such as the Stanleys (Earls of Derby) and John of Gaunt (left) of the House Lancaster, had remained in England moving their collective wealth to secure their own on the throne in Henry VII. From the destruction reeked by Henry VIII they bolstered their presence by nicking all the land held in Trust by the Church and dishing it out to the new Templar Aristocracy, the Fundamentalists called themselves the Puritans and Nonconformists, both in active protest against the Church of England in their denial of the seeking out of truth. In essence what this presents is that those who called themselves Puritans despised all forms of Christianity, not just that found in Rome, they did not accept the Gospels at all, they still waited for the return of a warrior Messiah leaving the Man of the Gospels as not fit for that role. They did however get one in England called Oliver Cromwell, but just who is Oliver Cromwell?

      History is a place full of deceptions, misdirections, all out fakery and exaggerated timescales, usually to hide the truth and sanction illegitimacy. When it comes to the English Civil War much has been hidden especially as it relates to the players involved. James I was of dark complexion with dark features, so too both his Sons Charles I and II said to be the inheritance of the Medici line. According to the annals of the english monarch Charles II’s appearance was anything but English, with his sensuous curling mouth, dark complexion, black hair and dark brown eyes, he much resembled his Italian maternal grandmother, Marie de Medici’s side of the family. During his escape after the Battle of Worcester, he was referred to as ‘a tall, black man’ in parliamentary wanted posters, but are we are speaking of Persian Black?

      One of the nick-names he acquired was the black boy, his height, at six feet two inches, probably inherited from his Danish paternal grandmother, Anne of Denmark, also set him apart from his contemporaries in a time when the average Englishman was far smaller than today. The average height of the Roman legions was 5 feet four.

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealth

      The other players at this time were General George Monk and Oliver Cromwell (Williams). Monk without any doubt is a black man, with Cromwell looking very mulatto, not an uncommon produce from the German-Coburg bloodline which of course is of the Moor lines and so named the Black Nobility.

      In essence this story is about dark coloured featured families who go to war with the mixed race defeating the existing monarchy, yet still, at the end of this tale, standing above the white British would be a dark complexioned people in the Black Nobility that operated the feudal system against the populations.

      Edward I fought off the Templar power both in Wales and in Scotland. Robert the Bruce invited the Templars to Scotland after the purge in 1307. Castles were built by Edward as he expanded his wife’s Christian beliefs across the country. In Scotland it was Templar Knights and Grandmasters, in Wales it was the Florentine financiers having settled after the collapse of the Lombardy.

      Edward I was either warring against the takeover of Scotland by the Templars, or working with them hidden, if it was the former then it would fail under his sons kingship when the barons would once again subvert the monarch and move themselves into position whereby the Provisions of Oxford could be enforced and rule by the barony became an accepted paradigm, yet still the King could overrule them as most of the Land was held in Trust by the Church through the power of the Monasteries.

      Is Magna Carta a Templar invention?

      Under Henry VII, a puppet of the Stanleys, the Templar elect had their man, whom they installed at the end of the Wars of the Roses. The War of the Roses was a battle between the Houses Lancaster and York, yet through the Stanleys, at the end of that war, England got the Tudors. Who the fuck are the Tudors?[X]

      Through his son Henry VIII the entire Templar barony would move to relieve the Church of all its lands and property unto themselves, which means relieved from the English nation as they have achieved today with the National Trust, run by the House Rothschild, which is nothing other than a Legal claim on the land. Through Henry VIII a global corporate machine could be built to oppose the might of Spain, but that was for his daughter to front for the House Pallavacini. The Judas aristocracy now owned all that had belonged to the Church in England which kept all in Trust for the use by the people. Or did it?

      The House of Pallavacini, the money behind the Barons Strange, aka the Stanley’s, would have a Queen to front the move against Spain, as Elizabeth I opened the doors to the building of a Navy, to support the global corporations that are the East India and Virginia companies under the mantle of the Admiralty Law.

      The Civil War was the final move to install the Templars, now called a Puritan Barony over the newly formed New Model Army and nation. The Puritans being anti Gospel (Logos) and therefore a Judas sect coming out of the Royal Society, they of course were moving their own brand of gnosis into Christendom called, ‘Royal Society Science’. This became the new religion from which even abortion can be rationalised.

      The Royal Society was commissioned by the poppet King Charles II.

      I can think of four possible reasons for this event, outside the normal ideas of invasion and conquer :

      1] through the Mulattos, the House of Guelph did use their men to undermine the House of Stuart and given Cromwell was financed out of Holland by Sabbatean Jewish interests, specifically Menasseh Ben Israel and Ebenezer Pratt, could be a move to undermine the Christian monarchy by non Christian lines.
      2] Could be a racist move to remove the Hapsburg and Coburg Moors from the game, yet having sired 9 of Queen Victoria’s children, what Europe had from the end of the Napoleonic Wars was a Europe with half Rothschild half Coburg monarchs, perfect to commence the First World War.
      3] In order to make live the Jesuit formed idea of Futurism, the West had to remove its black monarchs out of the game, to present the Judo-Christian doctrine to be a white affair only. If this was not achieved the narrative would not have worked, preventing the black-white divide they are manipulating for their own interests in the day to day.
      4] Having allowed the House of Hapsburg to front the empire since the middle ages, birthed some serious deformities from the centuries of inbreeding, there was also many offspring from black slaves to the queens. In effect the Venetian Party of the North was to change into the New Venetian Party of the North, the former becoming the Old Venetian Party of the North. Confused…? Don’t be, it was decided that the old had to go hence the organised slaughter of the Hapsburg line. What was the Old Venetian Party of the North through the House of Hapsburg would become the New Venetian Party of the North under the Hanoverian House of Saxa and Coburg.
      Futurism is the theology formulated by Jesuit writers, Manuel Lacunza and Francisco Ribera in 1585, that contends Revelations has yet to come to pass. This is the lie it came to pass in AD70. Yet they are building the Temple of Solomon in accordance with the Babylonian Talmud :

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealth

      Oliver Williams Cromwell
      This is an entry for June 6th 1647, from Oliver Cromwell to an Ebenezer Pratt :

      “In return for financial support will advocate admission of Jews to England; this, however, impossible while Charles living. Charles cannot be executed without trial, adequate grounds for which at present do not exist. Therefore, advise that Charles be assassinated, but will have nothing to do with procuring an assassin, though willing to help with his escape.”

      Ebenezer Pratt’s reply was on July 12th 1647 :

      “Will grant financial aid as soon as Charles removed and Jews admitted. Assassination too dangerous. Charles should be given the opportunity to escape. His recapture will then make trial and execution possible. The support will be liberal. But useless to discuss terms until trial commences.”

      In 1658 the island of St Helena was gifted by Cromwell to the East India Company. The same kind of deception would be carried out with the Caribbean Islands which became Jewish slaver strongholds from which they would breed a new group of fronts to play out their games in North America.

      Oliver Cromwell was born 25 April 1599 died 1658.
      He was one of the 59 signatories of King Charles I’s death warrant in 1649, and he dominated the short-lived corporate Commonwealth of England as a member of the Rump Parliament (1649–1653)

      It is thought that Cromwell suffered from kidney stones or similar urinary/kidney complaints and in 1658 in the aftermath of malarial fever Cromwell was once again struck down with a urinary infection, which saw his decline and eventual death at the age of 59 on Friday 3 September. Co-incidentally this was also the anniversary of his victories at Worcester and the Scottish town of Dunbar during the Scottish campaign of 1650-51. It is thought that Cromwell’s death was caused by septicemia brought on by the infection, although his grief following the death of his supposed favourite daughter Elizabeth the previous month from what is thought to be cancer certainly contributed to his rapid decline. Both Cromwell and his daughter received an elaborate ceremony (Cromwell’s funeral was based on that of King James I) and buried in a newly-created vault in Henry VII’s chapel at Westminster Abbey. This is further evidence that cromwell was expanding the takeover of England by the Roman elite through the Tudors who of course represented the House Pallavacini.

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealthIn June 1617 Cromwell left Cambridge without completing his degree to return to the homestead to support his mother and seven unmarried sisters. Whilst overseeing his father’s land, Cromwell is said to have studied law briefly at Lincoln’s Inn of Court in London, where it is thought that he met his future wife Elizabeth, (left) daughter of Sir James Bourchier, a knighted London fur and leather merchant and owner of a significant amount of land with strong connections to the puritan gentry of Essex. In 1620, when he was twenty-one, he married Jewess Elizabeth Bourchier aged 23, at St Giles’, Cripplegate. The groom was described in the marriage settlement as ‘Oliver Cromwell alias Williams’.[1]

      On his small income Cromwell supported both his wife and his ever expanding family (Oliver and Elizabeth had nine children in all, although only six survived into adulthood). As the only surviving son himself, Cromwell was also tasked with supporting his widowed mother, who outlived her husband by a further 37 years.

      In 1648, after Cromwell was entertained with opulence and great magnificence in the first Masonic Lodge in Edinburgh,[2] he would be moved to commission a Freemasonic Lodge with the sole intent of undermining Charles I. The Lodge would be successful.

      Cromwell set up the Commonwealth of England,[3] we all know of the Commonwealth, but Cromwell’s Commonwealth is a rather different animal than the British commonwealth still ongoing today. Cromwell’s Commonwealth belongs in the heights of aristocratic existence and is administered through the secret societies. When the East India Companies invaded a nation they would set up the secret society commonwealth in the shadows. When they had completed the shadow government they would offer up a fake move for Independence, but it would only be independence from the British Government, not the corporate Crown which is the real power and the entity the secret societies operate to uphold and expand, not to hold all in Trust as it was under the Canon Law but to use its might for their own agendas.

      Oliver Cromwell was not directly descended from Henry VIII’s spin doctor, Thomas Cromwell, but from Thomas’s sister, Katherine. Katherine had married Oliver’s great-great-grandfather Morgan Williams, after which the family began adopting the Cromwell surname.[1]

      Historic accounts of Cromwell speak of his ugliness, mentioning a huge growth on his lower lip, but when you look at his portraits, (below) Oliver looks Mulatto. Cromwell was responsible for the Genocide of Blacks in Ireland and Scotland and for sending the same to the Barbados Plantations and into America in the areas the Puritans controlled. This opens the connection to Harvard University and the first documented use of vaccinations, first named Ingrafting then inoculation and finally to vaccine from the French word for Cow.[4]

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealth

      If I may now turn to the new arrival Meghan Markle, of mixed race and very vocal about all things that is garbage, such as feminism and censorship of any speak against the mass influx of African people into Europe, she, like her new family, wants all your children to register as mental retards.

      Is it a coincidence that Meghan Markle made her first public outing alongside the Queen of England for a celebration of Commonwealth Day 2018 wearing a military style beret, perhaps to suggest she is a little warrior, from the same designer used by Princess Diana? The Parliamentary Commonwealth set forth by Cromwell would become the Imperial Federation Movement which would bring all secret societies together under the umbrella of Cecil Rhodes‘s Round Table.

      If we look at the Standard of the Lord Protector from 1655 to 1659 (below) we find a black dragon, we also find the harp. The harp was adopted as a symbol of the Kingdom of Ireland on the coinage from 1542, and in the Royal Standard of King James (VI of Scotland / I of England) in 1603, and would continue to feature on all English and United Kingdom Royal Standards ever since, though the styles of the harps depicted differed in some respects.

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealth

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealth

      Cromwell’s “wax” death mask (below) is probably the best-known death mask in English history.
      It was originally owned by Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753) whose collection contributed to the founding of the British Museum where it is still displayed.

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealth

      Oliver Cromwell and the House of Pallavicini
      The Pallavicini family is a top bloodline in the global crime syndicate and they govern Palatine Hill in Rome. They had multiple family branches in Italy and Austria and ancestry that ruled around Athens Greece. They have ruled as princes in Genoa, Milan, Rome, and Vienna. They recently married in with the German House of Wurttemberg. The Pallavicini family married with the Rospigliosi Papal Nobility and also have a branch in London through the Cromwell family. Horatio Pallavicini was a financier for the British Crown and his family merged with the Cromwell’s through several marriages creating the variant name Paravicini. Charles Vincent Somerset Paravicini is a current member of the British aristocracy. The Pallavicini family ruled over ancient Parthia or Iran and the Pahlavi dynasty that ruled Iran more recently are an ancestral branch of the Pallavicini family. Full story

      What is Puritanism?

      Antinomian controversy -to be against or opposed to the Law.
      Derived from the Greek anti laIt took influence from Hugh Peter and John Cotton, mind control, satanism, Hyper Suggestibility and the Puritan. Its date is 1 May.

      The Antinomian Controversy, also known as the Free Grace Controversy, was a religious and political conflict in the Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. The controversy pitted most of the colony’s ministers and magistrates against some adherents of the free grace theology of Puritan minister John Cotton.

      Puritanism came from within the Teutonic Knights which was another branch of the Templars.

      Modern historian David Hall views the events of 1636 to 1638 as being important to an understanding of religion, society, and gender in early American history.

      Historian Charles Adams writes, “It is no exaggeration now to say that in the early story of New England subsequent to the settlement of Boston, there was in truth no episode more characteristic, more interesting, or more far-reaching in its consequences, than the so-called Antinomian controversy.” It came at a time when the new society was still taking shape and had a decisive effect upon the future of New England.

      The controversy had an international effect, in that Puritans in England followed the events closely. According to Hall, the English were looking for ways to combat the Antinomians who appeared after the Puritan Revolution began in 1640. In Hall’s view, the English Congregationalists used the controversy to demonstrate that Congregationalism was the best path for religion, whereas the Presbyterians used the controversy to demonstrate the exact opposite.

      Presbyterian writer Robert Bailie, a minister in the Church of Scotland, used the controversy to criticise colonial Congregationalism, particularly targeting John Cotton. The long-term effect of the Antinomian controversy was that it committed Massachusetts to a policy of strict religious conformity. In 1894 Adams wrote, “Its historical significance was not seriously shaken until 1819 when the Unitarian movement under Channing brought about results to Calvinistic theology similar to those which the theories of Darwin worked on the Mosaic account of the origin of man.

      From the Antinomian Controversy (Puritans) was spawned The Diggers (Levellers) Fifth Monarchists and the Merrie Mount (1628), Ranters and Muggletonianism (1661)

      Offshoot of Puritans – Merrie Mount in Quincy, MA with leader Thomas Morton erecting maypole 1628. After being thrown out a couple of times he came back and advocated for the Massachusetts Bay Corporation and Colony to fuse together to create the commonwealth, fusing communism and corporatism, the very essence of Puritanism.

      From the cult formed at Merri Mount would spawn :
      The idea of Communes for the 1960s-70s
      Declaration of Independence
      Droppers
      John Adams
      John Quincy Adams
      The Maypole all, of which influenced – The Merry Pranksters (1950s) they formed the backdrop rebellious script for the introduction of LSD.

      Christian Hebrewism – ChristianZionism

      Cromwell’s English Commonwealth took hold after Massachusetts Commonwealth.
      Influencing the Diggers were :

      The New Left
      Peter Cayote, Actor – Village Voice, – Psychedelic Revolution-Counterculture
      Peter Berg
      The Straight on the Haight
      Anarchy
      Communism-

      Members –
      Abbie Hoffman
      Grateful Dead
      Janis Joplin
      Jefferson Airplane
      Black Bear ranch
      Communiversity
      Suicide Society
      Yippies

      Village Voice was influenced by –
      Dead Sea Scrolls
      Dan Wolf
      Greenwich Village
      John Wilcock
      Norman Mailer
      Ed rancher

      Village Voice influenced –
      Allen Ginsberg
      Erik Davis
      Ezra Pound

      Greenwich Village took its influence from –
      Aleister Crawley
      Charles Siragusa
      George Hunter White
      Operation Midnight Climax

      Anne Waldman (Dead Sea Scrolls)
      Harlots Ghost
      Jack Kerouac
      John Gilmore
      Joyce Johnson (Glassman)
      FD Sanders

      Greenwich Village influenced –
      Daniel Pinchbeck
      Fred Neil
      Mabel Dodge Luhan
      Nick Sand, aka David Roy Shephard
      Michael Hollinghead
      Suzan Weed (Sweed)
      The Beat Generation
      The Beatniks
      The East Village
      Village Voice

      In essence the entire counter-culture drug infused rock n roll script, came out of Puritan weaponry that would undermine western civilisation in order they could replace Christianity with the Cult of the Talmud..

      Notes

      [X]The Tudors descended on Henry VII’s mother’s side from John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, one of the illegitimate children of the 14th century English prince John of Gaunt (the third surviving son of Edward III) by Gaunt’s long-term mistress Katherine Swynford. If you look at the images of Edward III and his other offspring they are as you would expect from a white red haired Celt, when it comes to John of Gaunt, we see a very dark man looking absolutely nothing like Edward or bios so called brothers. Swynford is also not what we would see as white Celtic English either.

      In Profile : Oliver Cromwell a mulatto Puritan and the real corporate commonwealthThe House of Tudor was an English royal house of Welsh origin, descended in the male line from the Tudors of Penmynydd. Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) from 1485 until 1603, with five monarchs in that period. The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of England, and were succeeded by the House of Stuart.

      Wales became the possession of the Florentine bloodlines after the collapse of the Lombardy from the Isle of Man through Anglesey. The shift in bloodlines came via the Earls of Derby, the Stanleys.

      [A] When William II, Prince of Orange and head of the Dutch Republic died in 1650, it gave hopes to Cromwell that the Dutch Republic might join the Commonwealth in a military alliance against Spain.
      Cromwell’s hopes may have also been supported by the contribution some Dutch did to the draining of the “Fens” from East Anglia to gain more land over the sea, a region he knew well as MP of Huntingdonshire and Isle of Ely. They’re draining was initiated by one Cornelius Vermuyden (1595 –1677) a Dutch engineer who introduced Dutch reclamation methods to Britain.

      To this purpose, Cromwell sent in 1651 Oliver St John to The Hague in Holland as one of the envoys to negotiate a union between England and the Dutch Republic, a mission in which he entirely failed, leading to the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-54). However, Cromwell had another card up his sleeve; he also wanted to attract the rich Jews of Amsterdam to London so that they might transfer their important trade interests with Spain from Holland to England. Contacts were made with Amsterdam’s chief rabbi Menasseh Ben Israel, a client and friend of Rembrandt. Cromwell invited the rabbi to come over to London in September 1655, after the end of the Anglo-Dutch war, to negotiate the return of the Jews to England (expelled by King Edward I in 1290).

      In 1640- Manasseh Ben-Israel was named to head Yeshiva (enabled by the Bankers Perreiras) enabling him to focus on writings. Manasseh was most profoundly interested in Messianic problems. He was full of Kabbalistic opinions. He entered into correspondence with Christina, Queen of Sweden, ostensibly regarding matters of Hebrew learning, but probably with the design of getting her help in obtaining for the Jews admission into Sweden. But his chief attention was directed to securing the readmission of Jews into England.
      [Antonio de Montezinos, nee Aaron Levi, a 17th century Converso who reclaimed his Jewish ancestry after fleeing the Inquisition in Portugal, went to Peru in search of a “holy people” rumored to be living among the Amazon Indians. On a remote jungle river near the Ecuadorian border, Montezinos was greeted by a band of light-skinned “Indians” in dugout canoes. On learning that he was an Israelite from across the seas, the fair-complexioned aborigines recited the “Shema Israel” and announced they were descendants of the tribe of Reuben. On his return to Amsterdam, Montezinos shared his discovery with a famous Converso rabbi, Menasseh Ben-Israel, who broadcast the news on his printing press that the Biblical prophesy had been fulfilled. He predicted that the scattered tribes of Israel were soon to reunite in Jerusalem to rebuild Solomon’s temple and usher in the Messianic age.]

      [1] Oliver Cromwell was born in a house in the town’s high street which was rebuilt in about 1830 and is today called Cromwell House. He was the only son of Robert and Elizabeth Cromwell to survive, though he would grow up among a flock of sisters, he was named Oliver after his uncle, the richest member of the family, Sir Oliver Cromwell, who lived in hospitable grandeur at Hinchingbrooke House, outside Huntingdon.

      Oliver Cromwell should really be named Oliver Williams. His great-grandfather was Richard Williams, who in Henry VIII’s time rose so far in the world under the wing of his maternal uncle Thomas Cromwell that he gratefully changed his surname to Cromwell. Richard’s father was Morgan Williams from Glamorgan, who owned property in England and married Thomas Cromwell’s elder sister Katherine. Richard himself remained a favourite with Henry VIII after Thomas Cromwell’s fall. The spoils of his service to the state included land taken from Ramsey Abbey and the nunnery at Hinchingbrooke. They were inherited by his son Sir Henry Cromwell, known as ‘the golden knight’ for his lavish spending. He entertained Elizabeth I in style at Hinchingbrooke in 1564, while his eldest son, Sir Oliver, entertained James I several times and finished the job of throwing the family wealth away.

      The Cromwell’s were now well connected in England’s eastern counties. Sir Henry’s second son, Robert Cromwell, who inherited the house in Huntingdon, was a gentleman farmer, justice of the peace, member of parliament, and the town’s joint mayor. Two Cromwell sisters, Elizabeth and Frances, were respectively the mothers of John Hampden, a leading Parliamentarian against Charles I, and Edward Whalley, a future Roundhead general and regicide. Oliver Cromwell’s own mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of William Steward, of a comfortably off Norfolk family who farmed Ely’s abbey and cathedral lands. The idea that the Stewards were connected with the royal Stuarts and descended from a Scottish prince shipwrecked on the Norfolk coast in 1406 is a non-starter. The Lord Protector himself never took it seriously, though he did once joke that his mother was a Stuart at a drinking party in Edinburgh in 1651.

      [2] Oldest Masonic Lodge Minutes – July 31, 1599,: Lodge of Edinburgh No. 1 has records to prove its long time existence as the Oldest Masonic Lodge. Most impressively, its first 5 pages of minutes incorporate the Schaw Statutes which are dated December 28, 1598. Six months later, on July 31, 1599, are to be found the minutes which confirm the lodge’s claim as having the oldest existing Masonic minutes. It must be noted, however, that from these minutes there exists no conclusive evidence that the lodge was actually constituted on this date nor that it is, in actuality, the oldest lodge.

      One school of thought holds that Cromwell himself established a Masonic society as a way of uniting the various forces opposed to the monarchy and all the good and bad that it represented.
      Refer Abbe Larudan.

      His strongest argument for the truth of his theory is that the purposes of the Masonic Institution and of the political course of Cromwell are identical, namely, to sustain the doctrines of liberty and equality among mankind. Rejecting all the claims to antiquity that have been urged on behalf of the Institution, he thinks that it was in England where the Order of Freemasonry first saw the light of day, and that it is to Cromwell that it owes its origin. And this theory …(was)… confirmed by his reading of the history of the English Protector and his mature reflections on the morals and the laws of the Order, where he detected at every step the presence of Cromwell.

      The object of Cromwell, as it has been already said, was by the organisation of a secret society, whose members would be bound by the most solemn ties of fraternity, to reconcile the various religions and political sects which prevailed in England in the reign of Charles I to the prosecution of his views, which were equally opposed to the supremacy of the king and to the power of the Parliament, and as a consequence of the destruction of both, to the elevation of himself to the headship of affairs.
      http://www.co-masonry.org/History/OliverCromwell.aspx

      Another school of thought links the Rosicrucians with Freemasonry. This version allows that Freemasons were also associated with the monarchy.

      … In the “History and Evolution of Freemasonry”, the author writes of Cromwell’s links to Masonry, “Cromwell regularly met at the Masonic Lodge in the Tavern called “Crown”. This was a lodge for the Aristocratic Rosicrucian gentry, the new elite who were newly rich. (bk-25,292,294,300)
      Cromwell was supposed by many to be a Rosicrucian himself, since he was on the best of terms with them”. (bk-10,126) (bk-5 & 6)

      Whether Cromwell was a Mason or not, he was in fact surrounded by both Orders and his revolution was plotted in Rosicrucian Masonic Lodges. (bk-2,88)
      During this time, Masonry in England was divided between the lodges that backed Cromwell and the Lodges who were Stuart supporters and of Templar origin. (bk-7,159-160) …
      http://www.freedomdomain.com/map/miscindividuals/oliver_cromwell.html

      The Moray Hamilton tie-up is another twist to the story. In this version, the Monarchist Freemasons are said to have recruited Moray into the brotherhood, and by such means, the claim is, the brotherhood was able to defray some of the animosity between the warring factions. (Moray is also said to have corresponded secretly with the French and was honoured by Charles 1 and his eventual successor …, so I’m not sure what to make of the Hamilton recruiting Moray story.)

      … The place was Newcastle and the time was 1641 and in the middle of it all, generals from both sides met to initiate a Covenanter general into the fraternity. He was Sir Robert Moray, professional soldier, spy, statesman, knight, Freemason and we meet him next but before we do let’s examine another Scot who will be one of the witnesses at Moray’s initiation, his name is James Hamilton, and he is next in line for the throne should anything happen to the Stewarts.

      There is no record of when Hamilton became a Mason. He was in France fighting in the 30 Years War while his relatives joined the Edinburgh Lodge in 1634, not returning until 1638. Therefore he would have joined between the time he returned to England and 1641 or before he left for France in 1633. What we know for sure is that James the first Duke of Hamilton was one of the few men, along with Moray, that King Charles trusted. When Hamilton returned to England in 1638 Charles made him Commissioner for Scotland. His first job was to try to stem the riots caused by Charles forcing an Anglican prayer book upon the Scottish churches. It was a disaster but with Hamilton away there had been no one to stop the headstrong Charles from taking this provocative action.No amount of work on Hamilton’s part could stop the rebellion.

      In 1640 Alexander Leslie advanced into England at the head of a covenanter army defeating the Royalist at Newburn and holding Newcastle. In the spring of 1641 Hamilton traveled to Newcastle to attempt to reach a settlement with the Covenanters. He found himself face to face with two other recently returned veterans of the 30 Years War his friend Robert Moray and his cousin Alexander Hamilton both of whom had been made Generals under Leslie. Alexander was already a member of the Edinburgh lodge and sympathetic to retaining the monarchy. Between them they convinced Moray that a Scot on the throne of England was better than a religious Republic. In March he agreed to join the secret fraternity and on May 20th joined the Lodge of Edinburgh while still at Newcastle. The three Generals were able to persuade Leslie to withdraw and the first Bishops war ended.

      One final fact to consider in regard to this much maligned Royalist is that after his capture in 1648 during a failed attempt to rescue his king Hamilton was given a chance to go free by Lord Cromwell. All he had to do was to tell Cromwell who his allies were in England, and he could return to Scotland after paying a fine of 1500 pounds. Hamilton chose to lay down his life rather than forfeit his integrity. He might have been the model for Hiram Abiff. …
      http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/buta.html

      This telling makes the Freemasons a predominantly Scottish Monarchist group and the 1598 Shaw Statues lend weight to the claim that the Freemasons were originally supporters and beneficiaries of the status quo, the Monarchy and Papal authority. And if Freemason term did derive from the building trades (which I doubt), the Master of Works connection could provide a (fairly tenuous) path for the adoption of the mason designation.

      Further, the Knights Templar connection mentioned above could enable the establishment of a link with the past. I should say that I find the Knights Templar as royalist/monarchist supporters a bit hard to fathom. The Templars were subject to Inquisition and it is unlikely that the Catholic monarchs of France, England, Scotland, Spain , etc., would have included them in their entourage.

      In contrast, I suppose the lodges convened by the Cromwell/Covenanter/Calvinist/Presbyterian/Puritan/Pilgrim/Protestant line can get that link with the past from being inheritors of the “Chosen” mantle.

      I suspect that it is via this Covenenter, “lost tribe” narrative that the rebuilding of the Temple of Solomon idea gets currency. And this in turn suggests a reason for the adoption of the name Mason. They are the masons who will rebuild the temple.

      Interestingly, Cromwell is also said to have had dealings with another branch of the “Chosen” in Manasseh ben Israel a leading light in the Amsterdam Jewish community, whose representations eventually led to the readmission of Jews into England by Cromwell about 1655.

      … 1640-Manasseh ben Israel named to head Yeshiva (enabled by the Bankers Perreiras) enabling him to focus on writings. Manasseh was most profoundly interested in Messianic problems. He was full of Cabalistic opinions. He entered into correspondence with Christina, Queen of Sweden, ostensibly regarding matters of Hebrew learning, but probably with the design of getting her help in obtaining for the Jews admission into Sweden. But his chief attention was directed to securing the readmission of Jews into England.

      [Antonio de Montezinos, nee Aaron Levi, a 17th century converso (convert) who reclaimed his Jewish ancestry after fleeing the Inquisition in Portugal, went to Peru in search of a “holy people” rumoured to be living among the Amazon Indians. On a remote jungle river near the Ecuadorian border, Montezinos was greeted by a band of light-skinned “Indians” in dugout canoes. On learning that he was an Israelite from across the seas, the fair-complexioned aborigines recited the “Shema Israel” and announced they were descendants of the tribe of Reuben. On his return to Amsterdam, Montezinos shared his discovery with a famous converse rabbi, Menasseh ben Israel, who functioned as a Jewish ambassador to the gentiles, broadcast the news on his printing press that the Biblical prophesy had been fulfilled. He predicted that the scattered tribes of Israel were soon to reunite in Jerusalem to rebuild Solomon’s Temple and usher in the Messianic age.]

      1647-Oliver Cromwell conspires with Manasseh ben Israel’s agent to execute English King Charles I. [An entry for June 6th 1647, from Oliver Cromwell to an Ebenezer Pratt, says (in modern language) :

      “In return for financial support will advocate admission of Jews to England; this, however, impossible while Charles living, Charles cannot be executed without trial, adequate grounds for which at present do not exist, Therefore, advise that Charles be assassinated, but will have nothing to do with procuring an assassin, though willing to help with his escape.”

      Ebenezer Pratt’s reply was on July 12th 1647 :

      “Will grant financial aid as soon as Charles removed and Jews admitted, assassination too dangerous. Charles should be given the opportunity to escape, his recapture will then make trial and execution possible. The support will be liberal, but useless to discuss terms until trial commences.”
      Another trial was ordered by Cromwell because his agreement with his backers in Amsterdam was that Charles would be executed. The indictment against Charles was drawn up by Isaac Dorislaus, the agent in England of Manasseh ben Israel, one of the main funders from Amsterdam of the Cromwell ‘revolution’.”] …
      http://cliffordshack.com/frankist-freemason-chrono.html
      (This link has an interesting collection of events.)

      [3] The Commonwealth was the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, was ruled as a republic following the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. The republic’s existence was declared through “An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth”, adopted by the Rump Parliament on 19 May 1649. Power in the early Commonwealth was vested primarily in the Parliament and a Council of State. During the period, fighting continued, particularly in Ireland and Scotland, between the parliamentary forces and those opposed to them, as part of what is now referred to as the Third English Civil War.

      In 1653, after the forcible dissolution of the Rump Parliament, the Army Council adopted the Instrument of Government which made Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector of a united “Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland”, inaugurating the period now usually known as the Protectorate. After Cromwell’s death, and following a brief period of rule under his son, Richard Cromwell, the Protectorate Parliament was dissolved in 1659 and the Rump Parliament recalled, the start of a process that led to the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The term Commonwealth is sometimes used for the whole of 1649 to 1660 – a period referred to by monarchists as the Interregnum – although for other historians, the use of the term is limited to the years prior to Cromwell’s formal assumption of power in 1653.

      [4] The Geneva Bible, The Jewish Puritan Pilgrims And Vaccination Genocide

      Further Study
      In Profile : Definition Monarchy
      Boston Brahmins
      The Geneva Bible, The Jewish Puritan Pilgrims And Vaccination Genocide
      In Profile : The Corporate Head Of The Secret Societies, Chatham House RIIA
      In Profile : The Battle For The Soul Of England, Elizabeth I To Elizabeth II
      In Profile : The Aldobrandini, Lucifer And Its Servants
      In Profile : How And Why British Freemasonry Changed Allowing The Mafia Monarchy To Reign Over Us
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